|
The Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) Turkistan Islam Partisi ((ウイグル語:تۈركىستان ئىسلام پارتىيىسى)) Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī ((アラビア語:الحزب الإسلامي التركستاني)) or Ḥizb al-Islāmī li-Turkistān ((アラビア語:الحزب الإسلامي لتركستان)), or in Turkish: Türkistan İslam Cemaati (Turkistan Islam Jamaat) or Türkistan İslam Partisi, or East Turkistan Islamic Party (ETIP) (حزب الإسلام لتركستان الشرقية), formerly known as the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) ((アラビア語:حركة شرق تركستان الإسلامية)), and other names, is an Islamic terrorist and separatist organization founded by Uyghur militants in western China. Its stated goals are the independence of East Turkestan from China. According to the Chinese government, it is a violent separatist movement and is often responsible for terrorist attacks in Xinjiang. According to Chinese report, published in 2002, between 1990 to 2001 ETIM had reportedly committed over 200 acts of terrorism, resulting in at least 162 deaths and over 440 injuries. Since the September 11 attacks, the group has been designated as a terrorist organization by Kazakhstan, United Arab Emirates,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=List of groups designated terrorist organisations by the UAE )〕 China, and the United States.〔"(U.S.Department of State Terrorist Exclusion List )"(Retrieved on 29 July 2014).〕 ==History==
The area known as Xinjiang had been a protectorate of China as early as 60 BC during the Han dynasty when it was part of the Protectorate of the Western Regions and also a protectorate of Tang dynasty China when it was part of the Protectorate General to Pacify the West, though there are numerous periods of independence from China. The historical area of what is modern day Xinjiang consisted of the distinct areas of the Tarim Basin and Dzungaria, and was originally populated by Indo-European Tocharian and Iranic Saka peoples who practiced the Buddhist religion. The area was subjected to Turkification and Islamification at the hands of invading Turkic Muslims during the Islamicisation and Turkicisation of Xinjiang. In the 18th century the Qing Dynasty reorganized the territory as a province, Xinjiang. Yet, Russian influence was strong. Russian Orthodox Old Believers emigrated from Russia to Xinjiang in the early 19th century, and the Russian Civil War accelerated this immigration by adding white émigrés. During China's warlord era in the 1910s-1920s, the Soviet Union propped up the separatist Second East Turkestan Republic, and only accepted Chinese rule when the Chinese communists established the People's Republic of China after the Chinese Civil War. Nevertheless, the Soviet Union distributed Soviet passports among the Central Asian ethnics in Xinjiang to facilitate emigration to Kazakh SSR.〔 After the Sino-Soviet split, the Soviet Union amassed troops on the Russian border with Xinjiang, and bolstered "East Turkestan" separatist movements, which received moral and material support from other regional militant groups. China accused the Soviets of engineering riots, and improved the military infrastructure there to combat it.〔
Abdul Hameed, Abdul Azeez Makhdoom, and Hakeem Makhdoom launched the Islamic Party of Turkistan (حزب الإسلام لتركستان) (Hizbul Islam Li-Turkistan) in 1940.〔 After being set free from prison in 1979, Abdul Hakeem instructed Hasan Mahsum and other Uyghurs in fundamentalist Islam. In 1989 Ziyauddin Yusuf (pronounced Zeydin Yusup in Uyghur) started the group which was originally called East Turkistan Islamic Party (ETIP) in Arabic as (حزب الإسلام لتركستان الشرقية) Hizbul Islam Li-Turkistan Ash-Sharqiyah.〔 The name in Uyghur was (شەرقىي تۈركىستان ئىسلام پارتىيىسى) Sharki Turkistan Islam Partisi, and in Turkish it was called Doğu Türkistan İslam Partisi. Hasan Mahsum and Abudukadir Yapuquan reorganized the movement in 1997, in the same form that it exists today. This group was referred to as "East Turkestan Islamic Movement" (ETIM) by the Chinese government but the group itself never used that name. In 1998 Mahsum moved ETIM's headquarters to Kabul, taking shelter under Taliban-controlled Afghanistan. In Afghanistan, ETIM leaders met with Osama bin Laden and other leaders of Al Qaeda, the Taliban, and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan to coordinate actions. There, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement dropped the "East" from its name as it increased its domain. The group's infrastructure was crippled after the United States invaded Afghanistan and bombed Al Qaeda bases in the mountainous regions along the border with Pakistan, during which the leader of ETIM, Hasan Mahsum, was killed. However, ETIM resurged after the Iraq War inflamed mujaheddin sentiment. It expanded its portfolio to attacks on United States interests, such as the U.S. embassy in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan). The United States Department of State responded by listing it as a terrorist organization. This greatly weakened ETIM, as it lost sympathy from many Western organizations who would otherwise support its struggle against China. Nonetheless, ETIM circulated a video in 2006 calling for a renewed jihad, and took advantage of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing to gain publicity for its attacks.〔 The ETIM is said to be allied with the Pakistani Taliban (Tehreek i Taliban Pakistan) leading Pakistan being seriously urged by China to take action against militants. The new organization called itself the Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP) and abandoned usage of the name ETIM, although China still calls it by the name ETIM and refuses to acknowledge it as TIP. The Turkistan Islamic Party was originally subordinated to the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) but then split off and declared its name as TIP and started making itself known by promoting itself with its ''Islamic Turkistan'' magazine and Voice of Islam media in Chinese, Arabic, Russian, and Turkish in order to reach out to global jihadists. Control over the Uyghur and Uzbek militants was transferred to the Pakistani Taliban from the Afghan Taliban after 2001, so violence against the militant's countries of origins can no longer restrained by the Afghan Taliban since the Pakistani Taliban does not have a stake in doing so. TIP's Ṣawt al-Islām (Voice of Islam) media arm has released many video messages.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Islamic Turkistan - Search Results - JIHADOLOGY )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents a new video message from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī (Islamic Party ): "The Sisters in the Way of God" - JIHADOLOGY )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents a new video message from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī (Islamic Party ): "Lovers of Paradise #15" - JIHADOLOGY )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents a new video message from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī (Islamic Party ): "The Sacrifices for the Sake of God" - JIHADOLOGY )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ṣawt al-Islām presents Issue #12 of Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī’s (Islamic Party ) magazine: "Turkistān al-Islāmīyyah" )〕 The full name of their media center is "Turkistan Islamic Party Voice of Islam Media Center" Uyghur: (تۈركىستان ئىسلام پارتىيىسى ئىسلام ئاۋازى تەشۋىقات مەركىزى) Arabic: («المركز الإعلامي للحزب الإسلامي التركستاني «صوت الإسلام). The Uyghur East Turkestan Islamic Movement's magazine ''Islamic Turkistan'' has accused the Chinese "Muslim Brotherhood" Yihewani of being responsible for the moderation of Hui Muslims and the lack of Hui joining terrorist jihadist groups in addition to blaming other things for the lack of Hui Jihadists, such as the fact that for more than 300 years Hui and Uyghurs have been enemies of each other, no separatist Islamist organizations among the Hui, the fact that the Hui view China as their home, and the fact that the "infidel Chinese" language is the language of the Hui. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turkistan Islamic Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|